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mountianreflection

Invitation to Researchers

1. We can post your research summary and results here to reach a larger, more diverse audience than academic journals alone
2. Students: let us track your dissertation or thesis bullying-related project

The WBI Research Library

The collection is divided into the following sections:

A. Intro to Workplace Bullying

B. Mental Health Impact

C. Stress-Related Physical Health Impact

D. Women & Bullying

E. Workplace Bullying Science

F. Organizations & Bullying

G. Opposing Perspectives

H. Legal Perspectives & Laws

I. Social Justice

Added to the collection on June 30: A8, B12, B13, C18, E12, E13, E14, F13, F14, J6, J7 (in Library below), and D. Yamada's Cardiff Keynote (in WBI Colleagues) and G. Namie's Cardiff Keynote (in WBI Studies)

Request a copy of the publications listed below by checking the bubble next to the article(s) of interest. Then, complete the form at the bottom of the page.


Introduction to the Phenomenon

  • Seminal article that started the international adult bullying (Heinz Leymann called it "mobbing") movement: Mobbing and Psychological Terror at Workplaces Leymann (1990) Violence and Victims 5, 119-126. (Available online only here thanks to Prof. Ken Westhues )
  • A1. The content and development of mobbing at work. by H. Leymann. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1996, 5(2), 165-184
  • A2. Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorders. by H. Leymann & A. Gustafsson. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1996, 5(2), 251-275.
  • A3. Bullying at work: an introduction. by A.P.D. Liefooghe. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2004, 32(3), 265-267.
  • A4. Defining workplace bullying behaviour professional lay definitions of workplace bullying. by P. Saunders, A. Huynh, & J. Goodman-Delahunty. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 2007, 30, 340-354.
  • A5. Bullying in the workplace: Recent trends in research and practice-- an introduction. by D. Zapf & S. Einarsen. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2001 10(4), 369-373.
  • A6. The nature and causes of bullying at work. by S. Einarsen. International Journal of Manpower, 1999, 20(1/2), 16-27.
  • A7. When the boss feels inadequate: Power, incompetence, and aggression. by N. Fast & S. Chen. Psychological Science, 2009, November
  • A8. Leadership style as predictors of self-reported and observed workplace bullying. by H. Hoel, L. Glaso, J. Hetland, C.L. Cooper & S. Einarsen. British Journal of Management, 2010. 21, 453-468.

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    Mental Health Impact


  • B1. Bullying: A source of chronic post traumatic stress? by N Tehrani. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2004, 32(3), 357-366.
  • B2. A case study of mobbing and the clinical treatment of mobbing victims. by D. Groeblinghoff, & M. Becker. European Journal of Work and Organization Psychology, 1996, 5(2), 277-294.
  • B3. Basic assumptions and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among victims of bullying at work. by E.G. Mikkelsen, & S. Einarsen. Work and Organizational Psychology, 2002, 11(1), 87-111.
  • B4. Psychiatric distress and symptoms of PTSD among victims of bullying at work. by S. Matthiesen, & S. Einarsen. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2004, 32(3), 335-356.
  • B5. On the relationship between mobbing factors, and job content, social work environment, and health outcomes D. Zapf, C. Knorz & M. Kulla. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1996, 5(2), 215-237.
  • B6. Longitudinal studies of PTSD: Overview of findings and methods. by T. Peleg & A. Y. Shalev CNS Spectrum, 2006, 11 (8), 589-602.
  • B7. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: An sssessment of the evidence. by the Committee on Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, a VA-commissioned review of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatments.
  • B8. The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported health problems. by D. Lauterbach, R. Vora & M. Rakow. Psychomatic Medicine, 2005, 67, 939-947.
  • B9. Posttraumatic stress disorder revisited. by F. Lamprecht & M. Sack. Psychomatic Medicine, 2005, 2002, 64, 222-237.
  • B10. Personality traits, coping style, and perceived threat as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to a terrorist attack: A prospective study. by S. Gil & Y. Caspi. Psychomatic Medicine, 2006, 68, 904-909.
  • B11. The synchronous neural interactions test as a functional neuromarker for PTSD. by A.P. Georgopoulos, et al. Journal of Neural Engineering, 2010, 7, 016011.
  • B12. Coping with abusive supervision: The neutralizing effects of ingratiation and positive affect on negative employee outcomes. by P. Harvey, et al.. The Leadership Quarterly, 2007, 18(3), 264-280.
  • B13. Workplace mobbing: Individual and family health consequences. by M. Duffy & L. Sperry. The Family Journal, Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 2007, 15 (4), 398-404.

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    Stress-Related Physical Health Impact


  • C1. The effect on ambulatory blood pressure of working under favourably and unfavourably perceived supervisors. by N. Wager, G. Fieldman, & T. Hussey. Occupational Environmental Medicine, 2003, 60, 468-474.
  • C2. Justice at work and reduced risk of coronary heart disease Among Employees: The Whitehall II Study. by M. Kivimaki, J. E. Ferrie, E. Brunner, et al. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2005, 165, 2245-2251.
  • C3. Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress. by E. S. Epel, E. H. Blackburn & J. Lin, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), 2004, 101(49), 17312-17315.
  • C4. Exposure utilization and completion of cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD in a "real world clinical practice." by Zayfert, et al. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2005, 18 (6), 637-645.
  • C5. Abusive supervision and family undermining as displaced aggression. by J.M. Hoobler & D.J. Brass. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2006, 91 (5), 1125-1133.
  • C6. Psychosocial aspects of disabling musculoskeletal pain. by A-M. Vranceanu, A. Barsky & D. Ring. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2009, 91, 2014-2018.
  • C7. Quality of life and depression in CKD (chronic kidney disease): Improving hope and health by S. Watnick. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 2009, 54 (3), 399-402.
  • C8. Chronic stress causes frontostriatal reorganization and affects decision making. by Dias-Ferreira, E. et al. Science, 2009, 325, 621-625.
  • C9. Burnout and risk of Type 2 diabetes: A prospective study of apparently healthy employed persons. by S. Melamed, A. Shirom, S. Toker & I. Shapira.Psychomatic Medicine, 2006, 68, 863-869.
  • C10. Job strain and early artherosclerosis: The cardiovascular risk in young Finns. by M. Hintsanen, M. Kivimaki, et al. Psychomatic Medicine, 2005, 67, 740-747.
  • C11. Psychologic distress in postmyocardial infarction patients who have returned to work. by C. Brisson, R. Leblanc, et al. Psychomatic Medicine, 2005, 67, 59-63.
  • C12. Gender difference in the link between depression and cardiovascular disease. by T. Naqvi, S. Navqi & C. Mierz.Psychomatic Medicine, 2005, 67, Suppl. 1, 515-518.
  • C13. Overcommitment to work is associated with changes in cardiac sympathetic regulation. by T. Vrijkotte, L. van Doornen & E. de Geus. Psychomatic Medicine, Psychomatic Medicine, 2004, 66, 656-663.
  • C14. Perceived work overload and chronic worrying predict weekend-weekday differences in the cortisol awakening response. by W. Schlotz, et al. Psychomatic Medicine, 2004, 66, 207-214.
  • C15. Perfectionism and the cortisol response to psychosocial stress in men. by P.H. Wirtz, et al. Psychomatic Medicine, 2007, 69, 249-255.
  • C16. Acute threat to the social self: Shame, social self-esteem, and cortisol activity. by T. Gruenewald, et al. Psychomatic Medicine, 2004, 66, 915-924.
  • C17. Embodying emotion. by P. Niedenthal. Science, 2007, 316, 1002-1005.
  • C18. Unacceptable behaviour, health and wellbeing at work. by C.A. Sprigg, A. Martin, K. Niven & C.J. Armitage. Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (UK), June 2010, research report 10.1.

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    Women & Bullying


  • D1. Women and violence at work. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2007, by Dublin, Ireland.
  • D2. The power in democracy: Women's social constructions of gender identity at work. by R.J. Ely Academy of Management Journal, 1995, 38 (3), 589-634
  • D3. Power between women in organizations. by J. Onyx, Feminism & Psychology,1999, 9(4), 417-421.
  • D4. Should women managers have to act like men? by K. Korabik & R. Ayman. Journal of Management Development,1989, 8(6), 23-32.
  • D5. When the wrong woman wins: Building bullies and perpetuating patriarch. by P. Brunner & M.L. Costello, Advancing Women in Leadership,2003, 13, 1-9.

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    State of Workplace Bullying Science


    See also the works of P. Lutgen-Sandvik, and S. Fox and L. Stallworth, K. Rospenda, and Namie & Namie

  • E1. Sexual harassment and generalized workplace abuse among university employees: Prevalence and mental health correlates. by J.A. Richman, K.M. Rospenda, S. Nawyn, et. al. American Journal of Public Health, 1999, 89(3), 358-363.
  • E2. Ostracism. by K.D. Williams, Annual Review of Psychology, 2007, 58, 425-452.
  • E3. Prevalence and forms of bullying among business professionals: A comparison of two different strategies for measuring bullying. by D. Salin. Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Helsinki, Finland, 10(4), 2001, 425-441.
  • E4 Destructive conflict and bullying at work. by H. Hoel & C.L. Cooper, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology., 2000
  • E5. Workplace mobbing: A discussion for librarians. by T.E. Hecker. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 2007, 33(4), 439-445
  • E6. Tackling work place bullying. by J. MacIntosh, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2006, 27(6), 665-679.
  • E7. Neural correlates of admiration and compassion. by M.H. Immordino-Yang, A. McColl, H. Damiso & A. Damasio, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), April 21, 2009.
  • E8. Workplace bullying and sleep disturbances: Findings from a large scale cross-sectional survey in the French working population. by I. Niedhammer, S. David, S. Degioanni, A. Drummond & P. Philip, Sleep, 2009, 32 (9), 1211-1219.
  • E9. Putting work to bed: Stressful experiences on the job and sleep quality. by S. Burgard, J. Ailshire. Population Studies Center Research Report 08-652,2008, University of Michigan, 2008.
  • E10. Psychosocial predictors of supervisor-, peer-, subordinate-, and service-provider-targeted aggression by M. Inness, M.M. LeBlanc & J. Barling. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2008, 93(6), 1401-1411.
  • E11. Prevalence and mental health correlates of harassment and discrimination in the workplace: Results from a national study by K. Rospenda, J.A. Richman & C.A. Shannon. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2009, 24, 819.
  • E12. If you build a remedial voice mechanism, will they come? Determinants of voicing interpersonal mistreatment at work. by K. Harlos. Human Relations, 2010, 63 (3), 311-329.
  • E13. Once, twice, or three times as harmful? Ethnic harassment, gender harassment, and generalized workplace harassment. by J. Raver & L.H. Nishii. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010, 95 (2), 236-254.
  • E14. The prevalence of destructive leadership behaviour. by C. A. Sprigg, A. Martin, K. Niven & C.J. Armitage. by M.S. Aasland, et al. British Journal of Management, 2010, 21, 438-452.

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    Organizations & Bullying


  • F1. A preliminary typology of organizational response to allegations of workplace bullying: See no evil, speak no evil. by P Ferris. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 2004, 32(3), 389-395.
  • F2. Accounts of workplace bullying: The role of the Organization. by A Liefooghe & K.M. Davey, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2001, 10(4), 375-392.
  • F3. Bullying and harassment at work and their relationships to work environment quality: An exploratory study. by S. Einarsen, B.I. Raknes & S.B. Matthiesen, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 1994, 4(4), 381-401.
  • F4. Leadership, working environment and workplace Bullying. by M. O'Moore & J. Lynch, International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 2007, 10(1), 95-117.
  • F5. Building the civilized workplace. by R. Sutton, The McKinsey Quarterly, 2007(2), 47-55.
  • F6. Preventing violence and harassment in the workplace. by V. Di Martino, H. Hoel & C.L. Cooper. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions Dublin, Ireland, 2003
  • F7. Research report on the dignity at work project by C. Rayner & K. McIvor. University of Portsmouth, Business School. Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK., 2008
  • F8. Workplace bullying: Curing the cancer of the American workplace. by P.M. Glendinning. Public Personnel Management, 2001, 30(3), 269-286.
  • F9. Chaos and the abuse of power: Workplace bullying in organizational and interactional context by R. Hodson, V.J. Roscigno & S.H. Lopez. Work and Occupations 2006, 33 (4), 382-416.
  • F10. Unseen injustice: Incivility as modern discrimination in organizations by L.M. Cortina. Academy of Management Review, 2008, 33 (1), 55-75.
  • F11. Interventions in workplace bullying: A multilevel approach. by N.J. Saam. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2009
  • F12. To act or not to act: The dilemma faced by sexual harassment observers. by L. Bowes-Sperry & A.M. O'Leary-Kelly, Academy of Management Review, 2005, 30 (2), 288-306.
  • F13. The toxic triangle: Destructive leaders, susceptible followers, and conducive environments. by A. Padilla, R. Hogan & R.B. Kaiser. The Leadership Quarterly, 2007, 18 (3), 176-194.
  • F14. Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. by S. Einarsen, M.S. Aasland & A. Skogstad. The Leadership Quarterly, 2007, 18 (3), 207-216.

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    Opposing Perspectives


  • G1. Critiques of the anti-bullying movement and responses to them. by K. Westhues. Paper presented at the International Conference on Workplace Bullying, Montreal, June 2008.
  • G2. The "bully" within. by C. Buon & T. Buon Counselling at Work, Summer 2007, 5-8.
  • G3. The great intimidators. by R.M. Kramer. Harvard Business Review, February 2006, 1-9.

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    Legal Perspectives & Bullying Laws


    See also the works of U.S. law professor D. Yamada explaining the need for protection from workplace bullying
  • H1. First International Law: Sweden (1994) (Also see H2)
  • H2. Shortcomings of anti-bullying regulations: The Case of Sweden by H. Hoel & S. Einarsen. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2009.
  • H3. Report of the Expert Advisory Group on Workplace Bullying - Ireland, 2005.
  • H4. Quebec Provincial Law (2004)
  • H5. Saskatchewan Provincial OHS Regulation (2007).
  • H6. Canada Labour Code: Federal Worker Protection in OHS Violence provisions (2008)
  • H7. Bullying in the workplace: The newest litigation threat? by S. Brutocao, S. Paper presented to the AHRMA Annual Conference, 2007.
  • H8. The anti-bullying legislative movement: Too quick to quash common law remedies? by S. Morris. Bench & Bar of Minnesota, Nov. 2008.
  • H9. Employment discrimination plaintiffs in federal court: From bad to worse? by K.M. Clermont & S.J. Schwab. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 2009. Vol. 3 (1), 103-132.
  • H10. Organizational measures taken against workplace bullying: The case of Finnish municipalities. by D. Salin. Swedish School of Economics & Business Administration No. 521, 2006
  • H11. Workplace bullying and American employment law: A ten-year progress report and assessment. by D. Yamada, Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 2010

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    Social Justice


  • J1. Uninsured and dying because of it. by S. Dorn. Urban Insitute/Institute of Medicine February 2008
  • J2. Perceived job insecurity and worker health in the U.S. by S. Burgard, J. Brand, & J. House. Population Studies Center Research Report 08-650, University of Michigan, 2008.
  • J3. Socioeconomic status is associated with stress hormones. by S. Cohen, W. Doyle & A. Baum. Psychomatic Medicine, 2006, 68,414-420.
  • J4. No rhyme or reason: The 'heads I win, tails you lose' bank bonus culture. by A. Cuomo.Report of the New York Attorney General, August, 2009.
  • J5. America's bailout barons. 16th Annual Executive Compensation Survey,Institute for Policy Studies, September, 2009.
  • J6. Worklessness and health -- what do we know about the causal relationship? by C. Mclean, C. Carmona, S. Francis, C. Wohlgemuth, & C. Mulvhihill. UK National Health Service Health Development Agency Report, March 2005.
  • J7. Shame by any other name: Lessons for restorative justice from the principles, traditions and practices of Alcoholics Anonymous. by V. Pynchon. Pepperdine Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2005, 5, 299.

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